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AMERICREDIT CORP filed this 10-K on 08/29/2008
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2008 OR
For the transition period from to Commission file number 1-10667
AmeriCredit Corp. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
801 Cherry Street, Suite 3900, Fort Worth, Texas 76102 (Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code) (817) 302-7000 (Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None (Title of each class)
Table of ContentsIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨ Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K. x Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller Reporting Company ¨ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x The aggregate market value of 41,677,800 shares of the Registrants Common Stock held by non-affiliates based upon the closing price of the Registrants Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on December 31, 2007, was approximately $533,059,062. For purposes of this computation, all executive officers, directors and 5 percent beneficial owners of the Registrant are deemed to be affiliates. Such determination should not be deemed an admission that such executive officers, directors and beneficial owners are, in fact, affiliates of the Registrant. There were 116,312,936 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of August 26, 2008. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE The Registrants definitive Proxy Statement pertaining to the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (Proxy Statement) filed pursuant to Regulation 14A is incorporated herein by reference into Part III.
Table of ContentsAMERICREDIT CORP. INDEX TO FORM 10-K
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Table of ContentsFORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Form 10-K contains several forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are those that use words such as believe, expect, anticipate, intend, plan, may, likely, should, estimate, continue, future or other comparable expressions. These words indicate future events and trends. Forward-looking statements are our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to many assumptions, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ significantly from historical results or from those anticipated by us. The most significant risks are detailed from time to time in our filings and reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission including this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2008. It is advisable not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to, and do not, publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, except as required by federal securities laws, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The following factors are among those that may cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or from the forward-looking statements:
If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those expected, estimated or projected. INDUSTRY DATA In this Form 10-K, we rely on and refer to information regarding the automobile lending industry from market research reports, analyst reports and other publicly available information. Although we believe that this information is reliable, we cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of this information, and we have not independently verified any of it.
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Table of ContentsAVAILABLE INFORMATION We make available free of charge through our website, www.americredit.com, our AmeriCredit Automobile Receivables Trust, AmeriCredit Prime Automobile Receivables Trust, Bay View Automobile Receivables Trust and Long Beach Automobile Receivables Trust securitization portfolio performance measures and all materials that we file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practical after filing or furnishing such material with or to the SEC. The public may read and copy any materials we file with or furnish to the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet website, www.sec.gov, that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. PART I
General We are a leading independent auto finance company that has been operating in the automobile finance business since September 1992. We purchase auto finance contracts for new and used vehicles purchased by consumers from franchised and select independent automobile dealerships in our dealership network. We previously made loans directly to customers buying new and used vehicles and provided lease financing through our dealership network, but terminated those activities during fiscal 2008. As used herein, loans include auto finance contracts originated by dealers and purchased by us, without recourse. We predominantly target consumers who are typically unable to obtain financing from banks, credit unions and manufacturer captive auto finance companies. Funding for our auto lending activities is obtained through the utilization of our credit facilities and the transfer of loans in securitization transactions. We service our loan portfolio at regional centers using automated loan servicing and collection systems.
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Table of ContentsWe have historically maintained a significant share of the sub-prime market and have participated in the prime and near prime sectors of the auto finance industry to a more limited extent. We source our business primarily through our relationships with auto dealers, which are maintained through our regional credit centers, marketing representatives (dealer relationship managers) and alliance relationships. We expanded our traditional niche through the acquisition of Bay View Acceptance Corporation (BVAC) in May 2006, which offered specialized auto finance products, including extended term financing and higher loan-to-value advances to consumers with prime credit bureau scores and our acquisition of Long Beach Acceptance Corporation (LBAC) in January 2007, which offered auto finance products primarily to consumers with near prime credit bureau scores. As of June 30, 2008, the operations of BVAC and LBAC have been integrated into our origination, servicing and administrative activities and we provide auto finance products solely under the AmeriCredit Financial Services, Inc. name. Since January 2008, we have revised our operating plan in an effort to preserve and strengthen our capital and liquidity position, and to maintain sufficient capacity on our credit facilities to fund new loan originations until capital market conditions improve for securitization transactions. Under this revised plan, we increased the minimum credit score requirements for new loan originations, decreased our originations infrastructure by closing and consolidating credit center locations, selectively decreased the number of dealers from whom we purchase loans and reduced originations and support function headcounts. We have discontinued new originations in our direct lending, leasing and specialty prime platforms, certain partner relationships and in Canada. Our fiscal 2009 target for annualized loan origination levels has been reduced to approximately $3.0 billion. We recognized restructuring charges of $20.1 million for fiscal 2008, related to the closing and consolidating of credit center locations and headcount reductions. We were incorporated in Texas on May 18, 1988, and succeeded to the business, assets and liabilities of a predecessor corporation formed under the laws of Texas on August 1, 1986. Our predecessor began operations in March 1987, and the business has been operated continuously since that time. Our principal executive offices are located at 801 Cherry Street, Suite 3900, Fort Worth, Texas, 76102 and our telephone number is (817) 302-7000. Marketing and Loan Originations Target Market. Our automobile lending programs are designed to serve customers who have limited access to automobile financing through banks, credit unions and the manufacturer captives. The bulk of our typical
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Table of Contentsborrowers have experienced prior credit difficulties or have limited credit histories and generally have credit bureau scores ranging from 500 to 700. Because we generally serve customers who are unable to meet the credit standards imposed by most banks, credit unions and manufacturer captives, we generally charge higher interest rates than those charged by such sources. Since we provide financing in a relatively high-risk market, we also expect to sustain a higher level of credit losses than these other automobile financing sources. Marketing. Since we are an indirect lender, we focus our marketing activities on automobile dealerships. We are selective in choosing the dealers with whom we conduct business and primarily pursue manufacturer franchised dealerships with used car operations and select independent dealerships. We prefer to finance later model, low mileage used vehicles and moderately priced new vehicles. Of the contracts purchased by us during fiscal 2008, approximately 89% were originated by manufacturer franchised dealers and 11% by select independent dealers; further, approximately 81% were used vehicles and 19% were new vehicles. We purchased contracts from 17,872 dealers during fiscal 2008. No dealer location accounted for more than 1% of the total volume of contracts purchased by us for that same period. Prior to entering into a relationship with a dealer, we consider the dealers operating history and reputation in the marketplace. We then maintain a non-exclusive relationship with the dealer. This relationship is actively monitored with the objective of maximizing the volume of applications received from the dealer that meet our underwriting standards and profitability objectives. Due to the non-exclusive nature of our relationships with dealerships, the dealerships retain discretion to determine whether to obtain financing from us or from another source for a loan made by the dealership to a customer seeking to make a vehicle purchase. Our representatives regularly contact and visit dealers to solicit new business and to answer any questions dealers may have regarding our financing programs and capabilities and to explain our underwriting philosophy. To increase the effectiveness of these contacts, marketing personnel have access to our management information systems which detail current information regarding the number of applications submitted by a dealership, our response and the reasons why a particular application was rejected. We purchase finance contracts without recourse to the dealer. Accordingly, the dealer has no liability to us if the consumer defaults on the contract. Although finance contracts are purchased without recourse to the dealer, the dealer typically makes certain representations as to the validity of the contract and compliance with certain laws, and indemnifies us against any claims, defenses and set-offs that may be asserted against us because of assignment of the contract or the condition of the underlying collateral. Recourse based upon those representations and indemnities would be limited in circumstances in which the dealer has insufficient financial resources to
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Table of Contentsperform upon such representations and indemnities. We do not view recourse against the dealer on these representations and indemnities to be of material significance in our decision to purchase finance contracts from a dealer. Depending upon the contract structure and consumer credit attributes, we may charge dealers a non-refundable acquisition fee or pay dealers a participation fee when purchasing finance contracts. These fees are assessed on a contract-by-contract basis. Origination Network. Our originations platform provides specialized focus on marketing and underwriting loans. Responsibilities are segregated so that the sales group markets our programs and products to our dealer customers, while the underwriting group focuses on underwriting, negotiating and closing loans. We use a combination of a credit centers and dealer relationship managers to market our indirect financing programs to selected dealers, develop relationships with these dealers and underwrite contracts submitted by the dealerships. We believe that the personal relationships our credit underwriters and dealer relationship managers establish with the dealership staff are an important factor in creating and maintaining productive relationships with our dealer customer base. We select markets for credit center locations based upon numerous factors, including demographic trends and data, competitive conditions, regulatory environment and availability of qualified personnel. Credit centers are typically situated in suburban office buildings that are accessible to dealers. Regional credit managers and credit underwriters staff credit center locations. Branch personnel are compensated with base salaries and incentives based on corporate performance and overall branch performance, including factors such as loan credit quality, loan pricing adequacy and loan volume objectives. Regional vice presidents monitor credit center compliance with our underwriting guidelines. Our management information systems provide the regional vice presidents with access to credit application information enabling them to consult with the credit underwriters and on credit decisions and review exceptions to our underwriting guidelines. The regional vice presidents also make periodic visits to the credit centers to conduct operational reviews. Dealer relationship managers are either based in a credit center or work from a home office. Dealer relationship managers solicit dealers for applications and maintain our relationships with the dealers in their geographic vicinity, but do not have responsibility for credit approvals. We believe the local presence provided by our dealer relationship managers enables us to be more responsive to dealer concerns and local market conditions. Finance contracts
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Table of Contentssolicited by the dealer relationship managers are underwritten at a credit center or at our national loan processing center. The dealer relationship managers are compensated with base salaries and incentives based on loan volume objectives and the generation of credit applications from dealerships that meet our underwriting criteria. The dealer relationship managers report to regional sales managers. The following table sets forth information with respect to the number of credit centers, number of dealer relationship managers, dollar volume of contracts purchased and number of producing dealerships for the periods set forth below.
Credit Underwriting We utilize a proprietary credit scoring system to support the credit approval process. The credit scoring system was developed through statistical analysis of our consumer demographic and portfolio databases. Credit scoring is used to differentiate credit applicants and to rank order credit risk in terms of expected default rates, which enables us to evaluate credit applications for approval and tailor loan pricing and structure according to this statistical assessment of credit risk. For example, a consumer with a lower score would indicate a higher probability of default and, therefore, we would either decline the application, or, if approved, compensate for this higher default risk through the structuring and pricing of the loan. While we employ a credit scoring system in the credit approval process, credit scoring does not eliminate credit risk. Adverse determinations in evaluating contracts for purchase or changes in certain macroeconomic factors could negatively affect the credit quality of our receivables portfolio. The credit scoring system considers data contained in the customers credit application and credit bureau report as well as the structure of the proposed loan and produces a statistical assessment of these attributes. This
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Table of Contentsassessment is used to segregate applicant risk profiles and determine whether the risk is acceptable and the price we should charge for that risk. Our credit scorecards are monitored through comparison of actual versus projected performance by score. Periodically, we endeavor to refine our proprietary scorecards based on new information including identified correlations between receivables performance and data obtained in the underwriting process. We purchase individual contracts through our underwriting specialists in credit centers using a credit approval process tailored to local market conditions. Underwriting personnel have a specific credit authority based upon their experience and historical loan portfolio results as well as established credit scoring parameters. Contracts may also be underwritten through our national loan processing center for specific dealers requiring centralized service, in certain markets where a credit center is not present or, in some cases, outside of normal credit center working hours. Although the credit approval process is decentralized, our application processing system includes controls designed to ensure that credit decisions comply with our credit scoring strategies and underwriting policies and procedures. Finance contract application packages completed by prospective obligors are received electronically, through web-based platforms, or Internet portals, that automate and accelerate the financing process. Upon receipt or entry of application data into our application processing system, a credit bureau report is automatically accessed and a credit score is computed. A substantial percentage of the applications received by us fail to meet our credit score requirement and are automatically declined. For applications that are not automatically declined, our underwriting personnel review the application package and determine whether to approve the application, approve the application subject to conditions that must be met, or deny the application. The credit decision is based primarily on the applicants credit score determined by our proprietary credit scoring system. We estimate that approximately 20-30% of applicants will be approved for credit by us. Dealers are contacted regarding credit decisions electronically or by facsimile. Declined applicants are also provided with appropriate notification of the decision. Our underwriting and collateral guidelines, including credit scoring parameters, form the basis for the credit decision. Exceptions to credit policies and authorities must be approved by designated individuals with appropriate credit authority. Additionally, our centralized credit risk management department monitors exceptions and adherence to underwriting guidelines, procedures and appropriate approval levels. Completed contract packages are sent to us by dealers. Loan documentation is scanned to create electronic images and electronically forwarded to our centralized loan processing department. A loan processing representative verifies certain applicant employment, income and residency information when
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Table of Contentsrequired by our credit policies. Loan terms, insurance coverage and other information may be verified or confirmed with the customer. The original documents are subsequently sent to our centralized account services department and critical documents are stored in a fire resistant vault. Once cleared for funding, the funds are electronically transferred to the dealer or a check is issued. Upon funding of the contract, we acquire a perfected security interest in the automobile that was financed. Daily loan reports are generated for review by senior operations management. All of our contracts are fully amortizing with substantially equal monthly installments. Key variables, such as loan applicant data, credit bureau and credit score information, loan structures and terms and payment histories are tracked. The credit risk management function also regularly reviews the performance of our credit scoring system and is responsible for the development and enhancement of our credit scorecards. Credit indicator packages with portfolio performance at various levels of detail including total company, credit center and dealer are prepared regularly and reviewed. Various daily reports and analytical data are also generated to monitor credit quality as well as to refine the structure and mix of new loan originations. We review portfolio returns on a consolidated basis, as well as at the credit center, origination channel, dealer and contract levels. Loan Servicing Our servicing activities consist of collecting and processing customer payments, responding to customer inquiries, initiating contact with customers who are delinquent in payment of an installment, maintaining the security interest in the financed vehicle, monitoring physical damage insurance coverage of the financed vehicle, and arranging for the repossession of financed vehicles, liquidation of collateral and pursuit of deficiencies when necessary. We use monthly billing statements to serve as a reminder to customers as well as an early warning mechanism in the event a customer has failed to notify us of an address change. Approximately 15 days before a customers first payment due date and each month thereafter, we mail the customer a billing statement directing the customer to mail payments to a lockbox bank for deposit in a lockbox account. Payment receipt data is electronically transferred from our lockbox bank to us for posting to the loan accounting system. Payments may also be received from third party payment providers, such as Western Union, directly by us from customers or via electronic transmission of funds. Payment processing and customer account maintenance is performed centrally at our operations center in Arlington, Texas.
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Table of ContentsStatistically-based behavioral assessment models are used to project the relative probability that an individual account will default. The behavioral assessment models are also used to help develop servicing strategies for the portfolio or for targeted account groups within the portfolio. Our collections activities are performed at regional centers located in Arlington, Texas; Chandler, Arizona; Charlotte, North Carolina; and Peterborough, Ontario. A predictive dialing system is utilized to make phone calls to customers whose payments are past due. The predictive dialer is a computer-controlled telephone dialing system that simultaneously dials phone numbers of multiple customers from a file of records extracted from our database. Once a live voice responds to the automated dialers call, the system automatically transfers the call to a collector and the relevant account information to the collectors computer screen. Accounts that the system has been unable to reach within a specified number of days are flagged, thereby promptly identifying for management all customers who cannot be reached by telephone. By eliminating the time spent on attempting to reach customers, the system gives a single collector the ability to speak with a larger number of customers daily. Once an account reaches a certain level of delinquency, the account moves to one of our advanced collection units. The objective of these collectors is to resolve the delinquent account. We may repossess a financed vehicle if an account is deemed uncollectible, the financed vehicle is deemed by collection personnel to be in danger of being damaged, destroyed or hidden, the customer deals in bad faith or the customer voluntarily surrenders the financed vehicle. At times, we offer payment deferrals to customers who have encountered financial difficulty, hindering their ability to pay as contracted. A deferral allows the customer to move delinquent payments to the end of the loan, usually by paying a fee that is calculated in a manner specified by applicable law. The collector reviews the customers past payment history and behavioral score and assesses the customers desire and capacity to make future payments. Before agreeing to a deferral, the collector also considers whether the deferment transaction complies with our policies and guidelines. Exceptions to our policies and guidelines for deferrals must be approved in accordance with these policies and guidelines. While payment deferrals are initiated and approved in the collections department, a separate department processes authorized deferment transactions. Exceptions are also monitored by our centralized credit risk management function. Repossessions are subject to prescribed legal procedures, which include peaceful repossession, one or more customer notifications, a prescribed waiting period prior to disposition of the repossessed automobile and return of personal items to the customer. Some jurisdictions provide the customer with reinstatement or redemption rights. Legal requirements, particularly in
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Table of Contentsthe event of bankruptcy, may restrict our ability to dispose of the repossessed vehicle. Independent repossession firms engaged by us handle repossessions. All repossessions, other than bankruptcy or previously charged off accounts, must be approved by a collections officer. Upon repossession and after any prescribed waiting period, the repossessed automobile is sold at auction. We do not sell any vehicles on a retail basis. The proceeds from the sale of the automobile at auction, and any other recoveries, are credited against the balance of the contract. Auction proceeds from sale of the repossessed vehicle and other recoveries are usually not sufficient to cover the outstanding balance of the contract, and the resulting deficiency is charged off. For fiscal 2008, the net recovery rate upon the sale of repossessed assets was approximately 45%. We pursue collection of deficiencies when we deem such action to be appropriate. Our policy is to charge off an account in the month in which the account becomes 120 days contractually delinquent if we have not repossessed the related vehicle. We charge off accounts in repossession when the automobile is repossessed and legally available for disposition. A charge-off represents the difference between the estimated net sales proceeds and the amount of the delinquent contract, including accrued interest. Accounts in repossession that have been charged off are removed from finance receivables and the related repossessed automobiles are included in other assets at net realizable value on the consolidated balance sheet pending disposal. The value of the collateral underlying our receivables portfolio is updated monthly with a loan-by-loan link to national wholesale auction values. This data, along with our own experience relative to mileage and vehicle condition, are used for evaluating collateral disposition activities. Financing We finance our loan origination volume through the use of our credit facilities and execution of securitization transactions. Credit Facilities. Loans are typically funded initially using credit facilities that are administered by agents on behalf of institutionally managed commercial paper or medium term note conduits. Under these funding agreements, we transfer finance receivables to special purpose finance subsidiaries. These subsidiaries, in turn, issue notes to the agents, collateralized by such finance receivables and cash. The agents provide funding under the notes to the subsidiaries pursuant to an advance formula, and the subsidiaries forward the funds to us in consideration for the transfer of finance receivables. While these subsidiaries are included in our consolidated financial statements, these subsidiaries are separate legal entities and the finance receivables and other assets held by these subsidiaries are legally owned by them and are not available to our creditors or creditors of our other subsidiaries. Advances under our funding agreements bear interest at commercial paper, LIBOR or prime rates plus specified fees depending upon the source of funds provided by the agents.
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Table of ContentsSecuritizations. We pursue a financing strategy of securitizing our receivables to diversify our funding, provide liquidity and obtain a fixed rate cost-effective source of funds for the purchase of additional automobile finance contracts. The asset-backed securities market allows us to finance our loan origination volume at high investment grade interest rates over the life of the securitization transaction, thereby locking in the excess spread on our loan portfolio. Proceeds from securitizations approximate our investment in the automobile finance receivables securitized. The proceeds are primarily used to fund initial cash credit enhancement requirements in the securitization and to pay down borrowings under our credit facilities, thereby increasing availability thereunder for further contract purchases. From 1994 to June 30, 2008, we had securitized approximately $57.1 billion of automobile receivables. In our securitizations, we, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, transfer automobile receivables to newly-formed securitization trusts (Trusts), which issue one or more classes of asset-backed securities. The asset-backed securities are in turn sold to investors. Historically, we primarily arranged for a financial guaranty insurance policy from monoline insurers to achieve a triple-A credit rating on the asset-backed securities issued by the securitization Trusts and we have executed securitization transactions with five monoline insurers. The financial guaranty insurance policies insure the timely payment of interest and the ultimate payment of principal due on the asset-backed securities. We have limited reimbursement obligations to the insurers; however, credit enhancement requirements, including the insurers encumbrance of certain restricted cash accounts and subordinated interests in Trusts, provide a source of funds to cover shortfalls in collections and to reimburse the insurers for any claims which may be made under the policies issued with respect to our securitizations. Since our securitization programs inception, there have been no claims under any insurance policies. The credit enhancement requirements in a securitization transaction include restricted cash accounts that are generally established with an initial deposit and may subsequently be funded through excess cash flows from securitized receivables. An additional form of credit enhancement is provided in the form of overcollateralization whereby more receivables are transferred to the Trusts than the amount of asset-backed securities issued by the Trusts. In the event a shortfall exists in amounts payable on the asset-backed securities, first overcollateralization is reduced, and then funds may be withdrawn from the restricted cash account to cover the shortfall before amounts are drawn on the insurance policy, if applicable. With respect to
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Table of Contentsinsured securitization transactions, funds may also be withdrawn to reimburse the insurers for draws on financial guaranty insurance policies in an event of default. Additionally, agreements with the insurers provide that if portfolio performance ratios (delinquency, cumulative default or cumulative net loss triggers) in a Trusts pool of receivables exceed certain targets, the restricted cash account would be increased. Cash would be retained in the restricted cash account and not released to us until the increased target levels have been reached and maintained. We are entitled to receive amounts from the restricted cash accounts to the extent the amounts deposited exceed the required target enhancement levels. Several of the monoline insurers we have used in the past are facing financial stress and have received rating agency downgrades due to risk exposures on insurance policies that guarantee mortgage debt and related structured products and one has decided to no longer issue insurance policies for asset-backed securities. As a result, demand for securities guaranteed by insurance, particularly securities backed by sub-prime collateral, has weakened and we do not anticipate utilizing this structure in the foreseeable future. Due to the developments noted above in the financial guaranty insurance industry, we will most likely attempt to utilize primarily senior subordinated transactions in the foreseeable future. We have completed seven of this type of securitization transaction, most recently in May 2007, in the United States. These securitization transactions involve the sale of subordinate asset-backed securities in order to protect investors in the senior asset-backed securities from potential losses. Similar to an insured securitization transaction, we provide credit enhancement in the form of a restricted cash account and overcollateralization and excess cash flows are used to increase the credit enhancement assets to required minimum levels, after which time excess cash flows may be distributed to us depending on the terms of the structure utilized. The credit enhancement assets related to these Trusts typically do not contain portfolio performance ratios which could increase the minimum required credit enhancement levels. Trade Names We have obtained federal trademark protection for the AmeriCredit name and the logo that incorporates the AmeriCredit name. Certain other names, logos and phrases used by us in our business operations have also been trademarked. Regulation Our operations are subject to regulation, supervision and licensing under various federal, state and local statutes, ordinances and regulations.
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Table of ContentsIn most states in which we operate, a consumer credit regulatory agency regulates and enforces laws relating to consumer lenders and sales finance companies such as us. These rules and regulations generally provide for licensing as a sales finance company or consumer lender, limitations on the amount, duration and charges, including interest rates, for various categories of loans, requirements as to the form and content of finance contracts and other documentation, and restrictions on collection practices and creditors rights. In certain states, we are subject to periodic examination by state regulatory authorities. Some states in which we operate do not require special licensing or provide extensive regulation of our business. We are also subject to extensive federal regulation, including the Truth in Lending Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Credit Reporting Act. These laws require us to provide certain disclosures to prospective borrowers and protect against discriminatory lending practices and unfair credit practices. The principal disclosures required under the Truth in Lending Act include the terms of repayment, the total finance charge and the annual percentage rate charged on each contract or loan. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibits creditors from discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age or marital status. According to Regulation B promulgated under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, creditors are required to make certain disclosures regarding consumer rights and advise consumers whose credit applications are not approved of the reasons for the rejection. In addition, the credit scoring system used by us must comply with the requirements for such a system as set forth in the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B. The Fair Credit Reporting Act requires us to provide certain information to consumers whose credit applications are not approved on the basis of a report obtained from a consumer reporting agency and to respond to consumers who inquire regarding any adverse reporting submitted by us to the consumer reporting agencies. Additionally, we are subject to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which requires us to maintain the privacy of certain consumer data in our possession and to periodically communicate with consumers on privacy matters. We are also subject to the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, which requires us, in most circumstances, to reduce the interest rate charged to customers who have subsequently joined, enlisted, been inducted or called to active military duty. The dealers who originate automobile finance contracts purchased by us also must comply with both state and federal credit and trade practice statutes and regulations. Failure of the dealers to comply with these statutes and regulations could result in consumers having rights of rescission and other remedies that could have an adverse effect on us. We believe that we maintain all material licenses and permits required for our current operations and are in substantial compliance with all applicable local, state and federal regulations. There can be no assurance, however,
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Table of Contentsthat we will be able to maintain all requisite licenses and permits, and the failure to satisfy those and other regulatory requirements could have a material adverse effect on our operations. Further, the adoption of additional, or the revision of existing, rules and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business. Competition The automobile finance market is highly fragmented and is served by a variety of financial entities including the captive finance affiliates of major automotive manufacturers, banks, thrifts, credit unions and independent finance companies. Many of these competitors have substantially greater financial resources and lower costs of funds than ours. In addition, our competitors often provide financing on terms more favorable to automobile purchasers or dealers than we offer. Many of these competitors also have long standing relationships with automobile dealerships and may offer dealerships or their customers other forms of financing, including dealer floor plan financing or revolving credit products, which are not provided by us. Providers of automobile financing have traditionally competed on the basis of interest rates charged, the quality of credit accepted, the flexibility of loan terms offered and the quality of service provided to dealers and customers. In seeking to establish ourselves as one of the principal financing sources at the dealers we serve, we compete predominantly on the basis of our high level of dealer service and strong dealer relationships and by offering flexible loan terms. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully in this market or against these competitors. Since early calendar 2008, several of our principal competitors have substantially reduced or even ceased origination activities due to the weakened economic environment and ongoing dislocations in the capital markets that have made securitization transactions difficult to execute. Employees At June 30, 2008, we employed 3,832 persons in the United States and Canada. None of our employees are a part of a collective bargaining agreement, and our relationships with employees are satisfactory.
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Table of ContentsExecutive Officers The following sets forth certain data concerning our executive officers.
CLIFTON H. MORRIS, JR. has been Chairman of the Board since May 1988 and served as Chief Executive Officer from April 2003 to August 2005 and from May 1988 to July 2000. He also served as President from May 1988 until April 1991 and from April 1992 to November 1996. Mr. Morris joined us in 1988. DANIEL E. BERCE has been President since April 2003 and added the title of Chief Executive Officer in August 2005. Mr. Berce was Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer from November 1996 until April 2003. Mr. Berce joined us in 1990. STEVEN P. BOWMAN has been Executive Vice President, Chief Credit and Risk Officer since January 2005. Prior to that, he was Executive Vice President, Chief Credit Officer from March 2000 to January 2005. Mr. Bowman joined us in 1996. CHRIS A. CHOATE has been Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since January 2005. Before that, he was Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary from November 1999 to January 2005. Mr. Choate joined us in 1991. MARK FLOYD has been Executive Vice President, Co-Chief Operating Officer since August 2007 and had been Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer for Servicing since January 2005. Prior to that, he was Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer from April 2003 to January 2005. He served as President, Dealer Services from August 2001 until April 2003. Mr. Floyd joined us in 1997.
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Table of ContentsPRESTON A. MILLER has been Executive Vice President, Co-Chief Operating Officer since August 2007 and had been Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer for Originations since January 2005. Prior to that, he was Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer from April 2003 to January 2005. Mr. Miller was Executive Vice President, Treasurer from July 1998 until April 2003. Mr. Miller joined us in 1989.
Dependence on Credit Facilities. We depend on various credit facilities with financial institutions to finance our purchase of contracts pending securitization. At June 30, 2008, we had five separate credit facilities that provide borrowing capacity of up to $4,970.0 million, including:
The call facility matured in August 2008 and the facility was not renewed. Under the terms of the facility, receivables pledged will amortize down until the facility pays off. Additionally, we expect the prime/near prime facility, which matures in September 2008, to be renewed at an amount of $400.0 to $500.0 million. We cannot guarantee that any of these financing sources will continue to be available beyond the current maturity dates at reasonable terms or at all. The availability of these financing sources depends, in part, on factors outside of our control, including regulatory capital treatment for unfunded bank lines of credit and the availability of bank liquidity in general. If we are unable to extend or replace these facilities or arrange new credit facilities or other types of interim financing, we will have to curtail or suspend loan origination activities, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. Our credit facilities generally contain a borrowing base or advance formula which requires us to pledge levels of finance receivables in excess of the
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Table of Contentsamounts which we can borrow under the facilities. We are required to hold certain funds in restricted cash accounts to provide additional collateral for borrowings under the credit facilities. In addition, the finance receivables pledged as collateral must be less than 31 days delinquent at periodic measurement dates and, in the case of our master warehouse facility, finance receivables become ineligible to borrow against if they have been pledged collateral for more than 364 days. Accordingly, increases in delinquencies or defaults on pledged collateral resulting from weakened economic conditions, or aging of pledged receivables on the master warehouse facility for more than 364 days, due to our inability to execute securitization transactions or any other factor, would require us to pledge additional finance receivables to support borrowing levels and replace delinquent, defaulted or seasoned collateral. The pledge of additional finance receivables to support our credit facilities would adversely impact our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. The current disruptions in the capital markets have caused banks and other credit providers to restrict availability of new credit facilities and require more collateral and higher pricing upon renewal of existing credit facilities, if such facilities are renewed at all. Accordingly, as our existing credit facilities mature, we likely will be required to provide more collateral in the form of finance receivables or cash to support borrowing levels which will affect our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. In addition, higher pricing would increase our cost of funds and adversely affect our profitability. Additionally, the credit facilities contain various covenants requiring certain minimum financial ratios, asset quality, and portfolio performance ratios (portfolio net loss and delinquency ratios, and pool level cumulative net loss ratios) as well as limits on deferment levels. Failure to meet any of these covenants could result in an event of default under these agreements. If an event of default occurs under these agreements, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under these agreements to be immediately due and payable, enforce their interests against collateral pledged under these agreements or restrict our ability to obtain additional borrowings under these facilities. If the lenders elect to accelerate outstanding indebtedness under these agreements following the violation of any covenant, such actions may result in an event of default under our senior note and convertible senior note indentures. As of June 30, 2008, our credit facilities were in compliance with all covenants. Dependence on Securitization Program. Since December 1994, we have relied upon our ability to transfer receivables to securitization Trusts and sell securities in the asset-backed securities market to generate cash proceeds for repayment of credit facilities and to purchase additional receivables. Accordingly, adverse changes in our asset-backed securities program or in the asset-backed securities market for automobile receivables in general could materially adversely affect our ability to purchase and securitize loans on a timely basis and upon terms acceptable to us. Any adverse change or delay would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations.
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Table of ContentsWe will continue to require the execution of securitization transactions in order to fund our future liquidity needs. There can be no assurance that funding will be available to us through these sources or, if available, that it will be on terms acceptable to us. If these sources of funding are not available to us on a regular basis for any reason, including the occurrence of events of default, deterioration in loss experience on the receivables, breach of financial covenants or portfolio and pool performance measures, disruption of the asset-backed market or otherwise, we will be required to revise the scale of our business, including the possible discontinuation of loan origination activities, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. The asset-backed securities market along with credit markets in general, have been experiencing unprecedented disruptions. Market conditions which began deteriorating in mid-2007, remained impaired through fiscal 2008, and will likely remain so during fiscal 2009. Current conditions in the asset-backed securities market include increased risk premiums for issuers, reduced investor demand for asset-backed securities, particularly those securities backed by sub-prime collateral, financial stress and rating agency downgrades impacting the financial guaranty insurance providers, and a general tightening of availability of credit. These conditions, which may increase our cost of funding and reduce our access to the asset-backed securities market may continue or worsen in the future. We attempt to mitigate the impact of market disruptions by obtaining adequate committed credit facilities from a variety of reliable sources. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be successful in selling securities in the asset-backed securities market, at least in the near term, that our credit facilities will be adequate to fund our loan origination activities until the disruptions in the securitization markets subside or that the cost of debt will allow us to operate at profitable levels. Since we are highly dependent on the availability of the asset-backed securities market to finance our operations, continued disruptions in this market or adverse changes or delays in our ability to access this market would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. Continued reduced investor demand for asset-backed securities such as our asset-backed securities could result in our having to hold auto loans until investor demand improves, but our capacity to hold auto loans is not unlimited. A reduced demand for our asset-backed securities could require us to reduce the amount of auto loans that we will purchase. Continued adverse market conditions could also result in increased costs and reduced margins earned in connection with our securitization transactions. Dependence on Financial Guaranty Insurance. To date, all but seven of our securitizations in the United States have utilized financial guaranty insurance policies provided by various monoline insurance providers in order to achieve triple-A ratings on the insured securities issued in our securitization transactions. These ratings reduce the costs of securitizations relative to alternative forms of financing available to us and have historically enhanced the marketability of these transactions to investors in asset-backed securities.
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Table of ContentsDuring fiscal 2008, the credit ratings of several of the monoline insurance providers were downgraded. Financial Security Assurance, Inc. (FSA), historically the most active bond insurance provider in our securitization program, announced that it was ceasing to issue new insurance policies in connection with asset-backed securities. As a result of these downgrades, which weakened investor demand for insured asset-backed securities, and FSAs decision to stop issuing financial guaranty insurance on asset-backed securities, our ability to utilize financial guaranty insurance policies in our securitization program has effectively ceased for the foreseeable future. The inability to issue or market to investors insured securitization transactions could have a material adverse effect on the cost and availability of capital to finance contract purchases which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. Utilization of Senior Subordinated Securitization Structures. In seven of our securitizations in the United States, in lieu of relying on a financial guaranty insurance policy, we have sold or retained subordinate asset-backed securities in order to provide credit enhancement for the senior asset-backed securities. Due to the diminished viability of financial guaranty insurance policies, we anticipate attempting to utilize senior subordinated securitization structures for the foreseeable future and likely throughout 2009. In a senior subordinated securitization we currently expect initial credit enhancement to be in the mid-20% range increasing to a higher level of targeted credit enhancement. These enhancement levels are higher than required in our most recent insured transaction, our 2008-A-F securitization insured by FSA, in which initial enhancement was 20.5% increasing to a target of 24.5%. The larger credit enhancement requirement in senior subordinated securitizations could adversely impact our ability to execute securitization transactions and may affect the timing of such securitizations given the increased amount of liquidity necessary to fund credit enhancement requirements. This, in turn, may adversely impact our ability to opportunistically access the capital markets when conditions are more favorable. Additionally, we expect that the higher rated, or triple-A, securities to be sold by us in a senior subordinated securitization will comprise approximately 70-75% of the total securities issued. The balance of securities we expect to issue, the subordinated notes rated double-A and single-A, will comprise the remaining 25-30%. So far in 2008, there have been several senior subordinated securitizations executed by other issuers backed by prime auto collateral, but the double-A or single-A rated subordinated securities have generally not been offered for sale, we believe due to weakened investor demand for subordinate securities. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to sell the double-A and single-A rated securities in a senior subordinated securitization, or that the pricing and terms demanded by investors for such securities will be acceptable to us. If we were unable for any reason to sell
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Table of Contentsthe double-A and single-A rated securities in a senior subordinated securitization, we would be required to hold such securities which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations and could cause us to have to curtail or suspend loan origination activities. In order to induce investors to purchase double-A and single-A rated securities in a senior subordinated securitization, we may find it necessary to pay other forms of consideration in addition to the interest coupons on the securities, including upfront commitment fees and warrants to acquire our common stock. The amount of such consideration, if provided, may be material and could have an adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations and, in the case of warrants to acquire our common stock, could be dilutive to existing shareholders. Liquidity and Capital Needs. Our ability to make payments on or to refinance our indebtedness and to fund our operations depends on our ability to generate cash in the future. This, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, capital markets and other factors that are beyond our control. We expect to continue to require substantial amounts of cash. Our primary cash requirements include the funding of: (i) contract purchases pending their securitization; (ii) credit enhancement requirements in connection with the securitization of the receivables and credit facilities; (iii) interest and principal payments under our credit facilities and other indebtedness; (iv) fees and expenses incurred in connection with the securitization and servicing of receivables and credit facilities; (v) ongoing operating expenses; (vi) income tax payments; and (vii) capital expenditures. We require substantial amounts of cash to fund our contract purchase and securitization activities. Although we must fund certain credit enhancement requirements upon the closing of a securitization, we typically receive the cash representing excess cash flows and return of credit enhancement deposits over the actual life of the receivables securitized. The initial credit enhancement requirement will increase in future securitizations, which requires increased use of our cash. We also incur transaction costs in connection with a securitization transaction. Accordingly, our strategy of securitizing our newly purchased receivables will require significant amounts of cash. Our primary sources of future liquidity are expected to be: (i) distributions received from securitization Trusts; (ii) interest and principal payments on loans not yet securitized; (iii) servicing fees; (iv) borrowings under our credit facilities or proceeds from securitization transactions; and (v) further issuances of other debt or equity securities.
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Table of ContentsBecause we expect to continue to require substantial amounts of cash for the foreseeable future, we anticipate that we will require the execution of additional securitization transactions and may choose to enter into other additional debt or equity financings. The type, timing and terms of financing selected by us will be dependent upon our cash needs, the availability of other financing sources and the prevailing conditions in the capital markets. There can be no assurance that funding will be available to us through these sources or, if available, that the funding will be on acceptable terms. If we are unable to execute securitization transactions on a regular basis, we would not have sufficient funds to finance new loan originations and, in such event, we would be required to revise the scale of our business, including possible discontinuation of loan origination activities, which would have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our business and financial objectives. Leverage. We currently have a substantial amount of outstanding indebtedness. Our ability to make payments of principal or interest on, or to refinance, our indebtedness will depend on our future operating performance, including the performance of receivables transferred to securitization Trusts, and our ability to enter into additional securitization transactions as well as other debt or equity financings, which, to a certain extent, are subject to economic, financial, competitive, regulatory, capital markets and other factors beyond our control. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows in the future to service our debt, we may be required to refinance all or a portion of our existing debt or to obtain additional financing. There can be no assurance that any refinancings will be possible or that any additional financing could be obtained on acceptable terms. The inability to refinance our existing debt or to obtain additional financing would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. The degree to which we are leveraged creates risks including: (i) we may be unable to satisfy our obligations under our outstanding indebtedness; (ii) we may find it more difficult to fund future credit enhancement requirements, operating costs, income tax payments, capital expenditures, or general corporate expenditures; (iii) we may have to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash resources to the payments on our outstanding indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available for operations and future business opportunities; and (iv) we may be vulnerable to adverse general economic, capital markets and industry conditions. Our credit facilities require us to comply with certain financial ratios and covenants. Additionally, our credit facilities have minimum asset quality maintenance requirements. These restrictions may interfere with our ability to obtain financing or to engage in other necessary or desirable business activities. As of June 30, 2008, we were in compliance with all financial and portfolio performance covenants in our credit facilities and senior note and convertible senior note indentures.
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Table of ContentsIf we cannot comply with the requirements in our credit facilities, then the lenders may increase our borrowing costs or require us to repay immediately all of the outstanding debt. If our debt payments were accelerated, our assets might not be sufficient to fully repay the debt. These lenders may require us to use all of our available cash to repay our debt, foreclose upon their collateral or prevent us from making payments to other creditors on certain portions of our outstanding debt. These events may also result in a default under our senior note and convertible senior note indentures. We may not be able to obtain a waiver of these provisions or refinance our debt, if needed. In such case, our financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations would materially suffer. Default and Prepayment Risks. Our results of financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations depend, to a material extent, on the performance of loans in our portfolio. Obligors under contracts acquired or originated by us may default during the term of their loan. Generally, we bear the full risk of losses resulting from defaults. In the event of a default, the collateral value of the financed vehicle usually does not cover the outstanding loan balance and costs of recovery. We maintain an allowance for loan losses on loans held on our balance sheet which reflects managements estimates of inherent losses for these loans. If the allowance is inadequate, we would recognize the losses in excess of that allowance as an expense and results of operations would be adversely affected. A material adjustment to our allowance for loan losses and the corresponding decrease in earnings could limit our ability to enter into future securitizations and other financings, thus impairing our ability to finance our business. We are required to deposit substantial amounts of the cash flows generated by our interests in securitizations sponsored by us to satisfy targeted credit enhancement requirements. An increase in defaults would reduce the cash flows generated by our interests in securitization transactions lengthening the period required to build targeted credit enhancement levels in the securitization trusts. Distributions of cash from the securitizations to us would be delayed and the ultimate amount of cash distributable to us would be less, which would have an adverse effect on our liquidity. The targeted credit enhancement levels in future securitizations will also likely be increased, further impacting our liquidity. Portfolio Performance - Negative Impact on Cash Flows. Generally, the form of agreements we have entered into with our financial guaranty insurance providers in connection with securitization transactions contain specified limits on
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Table of Contentsportfolio performance ratios (delinquency, cumulative default and cumulative net loss) on the receivables included in each securitization Trust. If, at any measurement date, a portfolio performance ratio with respect to any Trust were to exceed the specified limits, provisions of the credit enhancement agreement would automatically increase the level of credit enhancement requirements for that Trust if a waiver was not obtained. During the period in which the specified portfolio performance ratio was exceeded, excess cash flows, if any, from the Trust would be used to fund the increased credit enhancement levels instead of being distributed to us, which would have an adverse effect on our cash flows and liquidity. Our securitization transactions insured by some of our financial guaranty insurance providers are cross-collateralized to a limited extent. In the event of a shortfall in the original target credit enhancement requirement for any of these securitization Trusts after a certain period of time, excess cash flows from other transactions insured by the same insurance provider would be used to satisfy the shortfall amount. During fiscal 2008 and as of June 30, 2008, three LBAC securitizations (LB2006-A, LB2006-B and LB2007-A) had delinquency ratios in excess of the targeted levels. As part of an arrangement with the insurer of these transactions, the excess cash flows from our other securitizations insured by this insurer were used to fund higher credit enhancement requirements in the LBAC Trusts which exceeded the portfolio performance ratios. As of June 30, 2008, we have reached the higher required credit enhancement levels in these three LBAC Trusts. During fiscal 2008, we entered into an agreement with an insurer to increase the portfolio performance ratios in the 2007-2-M securitization. In return for higher portfolio performance ratios, we agreed to use excess cash flow from other securitizations insured by this insurer to fund the higher credit enhancement requirement for the 2007-2-M Trust. As of June 30, 2008, we have reached the higher required credit enhancement in this Trust. Right to Terminate Servicing. The agreements that we have entered into with our financial guaranty insurance providers in connection with securitization transactions contain additional specified targeted portfolio performance ratios (delinquency, cumulative default and cumulative net loss) that are higher than the limits referred to in the preceding risk factor. If, at any measurement date, the targeted portfolio performance ratios with respect to any insured Trust were to exceed these additional levels, provisions of the agreements permit the financial guaranty insurance providers to terminate our servicing rights to the receivables sold to that Trust. In addition, the servicing agreements on certain insured securitization Trusts are cross-defaulted so that a default under one servicing agreement would allow the financial guaranty insurance provider to terminate our servicing rights under all servicing agreements for securitization Trusts in which they issued a financial guaranty insurance policy. Additionally, if these higher targeted
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Table of Contentsportfolio performance levels were exceeded, the financial guaranty insurance providers may elect to retain all excess cash generated by other securitization transactions insured by them as additional credit enhancement. This, in turn, could result in defaults under our other securitizations and other material indebtedness, including under our senior note and convertible note indentures. Although we have never exceeded these additional targeted portfolio performance ratios, and do not anticipate violating any event of default triggers for our securitizations, there can be no assurance that our servicing rights with respect to the automobile receivables in such Trusts or any other Trusts will not be terminated if (i) such targeted portfolio performance ratios are breached, (ii) we breach our obligations under the servicing agreements, (iii) the financial guaranty insurance providers are required to make payments under a policy, or (iv) certain bankruptcy or insolvency events were to occur. As of June 30, 2008, no such servicing right termination events have occurred with respect to any of the Trusts formed by us. The termination of any or all of our servicing rights would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. Implementation of Business Strategy. Our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations depend on managements ability to execute our business strategy. Key factors involved in the execution of the business strategy include achieving the desired loan origination volume, continued and successful use of proprietary scoring models for credit risk assessment and risk-based pricing, the use of effective credit risk management techniques and servicing strategies, implementation of effective loan servicing and collection practices, continued investment in technology to support operating efficiency, and continued access to significant funding and liquidity sources. Our failure or inability to execute any element of our business strategy could materially adversely affect our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. Target Consumer Base. A substantial portion of our loan purchasing and servicing activities involve sub-prime automobile receivables. Sub-prime borrowers are associated with higher-than-average delinquency and default rates. While we believe that we effectively manage these risks with our proprietary credit scoring system, risk-based loan pricing and other underwriting policies and collection methods, no assurance can be given that these criteria or methods will be effective in the future. In the event that we underestimate the default risk or under-price contracts that we purchase, our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations would be adversely affected, possibly to a material degree. Economic Conditions. We are subject to changes in general economic conditions that are beyond our control. During periods of economic slowdown or recession, such as the United States and Canadian economies are currently experiencing, delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses generally
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Table of Contentsincrease. These periods also may be accompanied by increased unemployment rates, decreased consumer demand for automobiles and declining values of automobiles securing outstanding loans, which weakens collateral coverage and increases the amount of a loss in the event of default. Significant increases in the inventory of used automobiles during periods of economic recession may also depress the prices at which repossessed automobiles may be sold or delay the timing of these sales. Additionally, higher gasoline prices, unstable real estate values, reset of adjustable rate mortgages to higher interest rates, increasing unemployment levels, general availability of consumer credit or other factors that impact consumer confidence or disposable income could increase loss frequency and decrease consumer demand for automobiles as well as weaken collateral values on certain types of automobiles. Because we focus predominantly on sub-prime borrowers, the actual rates of delinquencies, defaults, repossessions and losses on these loans are higher than those experienced in the general automobile finance industry and could be more dramatically affected by a general economic downturn. In addition, during an economic slowdown or recession, our servicing costs may increase without a corresponding increase in our finance charge income. While we seek to manage the higher risk inherent in loans made to sub-prime borrowers through the underwriting criteria and collection methods we employ, no assurance can be given that these criteria or methods will afford adequate protection against these risks. Any sustained period of increased delinquencies, defaults, repossessions or losses or increased servicing costs could adversely affect our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations and our ability to enter into future securitizations and future credit facilities. Wholesale Auction Values. We sell repossessed automobiles at wholesale auction markets located throughout the United States and Canada. Auction proceeds from the sale of repossessed vehicles and other recoveries are usually not sufficient to cover the outstanding balance of the contract, and the resulting deficiency is charged off. Decreased auction proceeds resulting from the depressed prices at which used automobiles may be sold during periods of economic slowdown or recession will result in higher credit losses for us. Furthermore, depressed wholesale prices for used automobiles may result from significant liquidations of rental or fleet inventories, and from increased volume of trade-ins due to promotional programs offered by new vehicle manufacturers. Additionally, higher gasoline prices may decrease the wholesale auction value of certain types of vehicles as evidenced by recent declines in wholesale values of large sport utility vehicles and trucks. Our net recoveries as a percentage of repossession charge-offs was 45% in fiscal 2008, 49% in fiscal 2007 and 48% in fiscal 2006. There can be no assurance that our recovery rates will remain at current levels. Interest Rates. Our profitability may be directly affected by the level of and fluctuations in interest rates, which affects the gross interest rate spread we earn on our receivables. As the level of interest rates change, our gross interest rate spread on new originations either increases or decreases
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Table of Contentssince the rates charged on the contracts originated or purchased from dealers are limited by market and competitive conditions, restricting our opportunity to pass on increased interest costs to the consumer. We believe that our financial position, liquidity, and results of operations could be adversely affected during any period of higher interest rates, possibly to a material degree. We monitor the interest rate environment and employ hedging strategies designed to mitigate the impact of increases in interest rates. We can provide no assurance, however, that hedging strategies will mitigate the impact of increases in interest rates. Leucadia Ownership. As of June 30, 2008, Leucadia National Corp. (Leucadia) owned 26% of our outstanding common stock and had two members on our Board of Directors. As a result, Leucadia could exert significant influence over matters requiring shareholder approval, including approval of significant corporate transactions. This concentration of ownership may delay or prevent a change in control of our company and make some transactions more difficult without the support of Leucadia. Labor Market Conditions. Competition to hire and retain personnel possessing the skills and experience required by us could contribute to an increase in our employee turnover rate. High turnover or an inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could have an adverse effect on our delinquency, default and net loss rates, our ability to grow and, ultimately, our financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations. Data Integrity. If third parties or our employees are able to penetrate our network security or otherwise misappropriate our customers personal information or loan information, or if we give third parties or our employees improper access to our customers personal information or loan information, we could be subject to liability. This liability could include identity theft or other similar fraud-related claims. This liability could also include claims for other misuses or losses of personal information, including for unauthorized marketing purposes. Other liabilities could include claims alleging misrepresentation of our privacy and data security practices. We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties to provide the security and authentication necessary to effect secure online transmission of confidential consumer information. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other events or developments may result in a compromise or breach of the algorithms that we use to protect sensitive customer transaction data. A party who is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions in our operations. We may be required to expend capital and other resources to protect against such security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches. Our security measures are designed to protect against security breaches, but our failure to prevent such security breaches could subject us to liability, decrease our profitability, and damage our reputation. Regulation. Reference should be made to Item 1. Business Regulation for a discussion of regulatory risk factors. Competition. Reference should be made to Item 1. Business Competition for a discussion of competitive risk factors.
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Table of ContentsLitigation. As a consumer finance company, we are subject to various consumer claims and litigation seeking damages and statutory penalties, based upon, among other things, usury, disclosure inaccuracies, wrongful repossession, violations of bankruptcy stay provisions, certificate of title disputes, fraud, breach of contract and discriminatory treatment of credit applicants. Some litigation against us could take the form of class action complaints by consumers. As the assignee of finance contracts originated by dealers, we may also be named as a co-defendant in lawsuits filed by consumers principally against dealers. The damages and penalties claimed by consumers in these types of matters can be substantial. The relief requested by the plaintiffs varies but can include requests for compensatory, statutory and punitive damages. We believe that we have taken prudent steps to address and mitigate the litigation risks associated with our business activities. However, any adverse resolution of litigation pending or threatened against us could have a material adverse affect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
None
Our executive offices are located at 801 Cherry Street, Suite 3900, Fort Worth, Texas, in a 227,000 square foot office space under a twelve-year lease that commenced in July 1999. On June 2, 2008, we exercised an early termination option on the executive office lease and our obligation now ends May 31, 2009. Subsequent to June 30, 2008, we signed a new lease for executive office space for 51,000 square feet under a ten-year lease agreement. We also lease 76,000 square feet of office space in Charlotte, North Carolina, 85,000 square feet of office space in Peterborough, Ontario, and 150,000 square feet of office space in Chandler, Arizona, all under ten-year agreements with renewal options, and lease 250,000 square feet of office space in Arlington, Texas, under a twelve-year agreement with renewal options that commenced in August 2005. We also own a 250,000 square foot servicing facility in Arlington, Texas. Through our acquisition of BVAC, we lease 15,600 square feet of office space in Covina, California. Additionally, through our acquisition of LBAC, we lease 35,000 square feet of office space in Paramus, New Jersey, and 28,000 square feet of office space in Orange, California. Our regional credit centers are generally leased under agreements with original terms of three to five years. Such facilities are typically located in a suburban office building and consist of between 1,500 and 3,000 square feet of space.
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Table of ContentsAs of April 1, 2004, we abandoned certain office space at the executive offices and the Chandler facility. During fiscal 2008, we abandoned multiple credit centers throughout the United States and Canada, as well as all of the BVAC Covina location and a portion of the LBAC Paramus facility. As of June 30, 2008, we have sublet approximately 53% of the 258,000 square feet of space we have abandoned in connection with prior restructurings. We are seeking to sublease the remainder of the abandoned office space.
As a consumer finance company, we are subject to various consumer claims and litigation seeking damages and statutory penalties, based upon, among other things, usury, disclosure inaccuracies, wrongful repossession, violations of bankruptcy stay provisions, certificate of title disputes, fraud, breach of contract and discriminatory treatment of credit applicants. Some litigation against us could take the form of class action complaints by consumers and/or shareholders. As the assignee of finance contracts originated by dealers, we may also be named as a co-defendant in lawsuits filed by consumers principally against dealers. The damages and penalties claimed by consumers in these types of matters can be substantial. The relief requested by the plaintiffs varies but can include requests for compensatory, statutory and punitive damages. We believe that we have taken prudent steps to address and mitigate the litigation risks associated with our business activities.
There were no matters submitted to a vote of our security holders during the fourth quarter ended June 30, 2008.
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Table of ContentsPART II
Market Information Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol ACF. As of August 26, 2008, there were 116,312,936 shares of common stock outstanding and approximately 221 shareholders of record. The following table sets forth the range of the high, low and closing sale prices for our common stock as reported on the Composite Tape of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Issues.
Dividend Policy We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. The indentures pursuant to which our senior notes and convertible senior notes were issued contain certain restrictions on the payment of dividends. Currently, we are not eligible to pay dividends under these indenture limits. We presently intend to retain future earnings, if any, for use in the operation and expansion of the business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
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Table of ContentsShare Repurchases For the year ended June 30, 2008, we repurchased shares of our common stock as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
We have repurchased $1,374.8 million of our common stock since inception of our share repurchase program in April 2004, and we have remaining authorization to repurchase $172.0 million of our common stock. A covenant in our senior note indenture entered into in June 2007 limits our ability to repurchase stock. Currently, we are not eligible to repurchase shares under the indenture limits and do not anticipate pursuing repurchase activity for the foreseeable future. Performance Graphs The following performance graph presents cumulative shareholder returns on our Common Stock for the five years ended June 30, 2008. In the performance graph, we are compared to (i) the S&P 500 and (ii) the S&P Consumer Finance Index. Each Index assumes $100 invested at the beginning of the measurement period and is calculated assuming quarterly reinvestment of dividends and quarterly weighting by market capitalization. The data source for the graphs is Hemscott Inc., an authorized licensee of S&P.
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Table of ContentsComparison of Cumulative Shareholder Return 2003-2008
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The table below summarizes selected financial information. For additional information, refer to the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
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GENERAL We are a leading independent auto finance company specializing in purchasing retail automobile installment sales contracts originated by franchised and select independent dealers in connection with the sale of used and new automobiles. We generate revenue and cash flows primarily through the purchase, retention, subsequent securitization and servicing of finance receivables. As used herein, loans include auto finance receivables originated by dealers and purchased by us. To fund the acquisition of receivables prior to securitization and to fund the repurchase of receivables pursuant to clean-up call options, we use available cash and borrowings under our credit facilities. We earn finance charge income on the finance receivables and pay interest expense on borrowings under our credit facilities. We, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, periodically transfer receivables to securitization trusts (Trusts) that issue asset-backed securities to investors. We retain an interest in these securitization transactions in the form of restricted cash accounts and overcollateralization, whereby more receivables are transferred to the Trusts than the amount of asset-backed securities issued by the Trusts, as well as the estimated future excess cash flows expected to be received by us over the life of the securitization. Excess cash flows result from the difference between the finance charges received from the obligors on the receivables and the interest paid to investors in the asset-backed securities, net of credit losses and expenses. Excess cash flows from the Trusts are initially utilized to fund credit enhancement requirements in order to attain specific credit ratings for the asset-backed securities issued by the Trusts. Once predetermined credit enhancement requirements are reached and maintained, excess cash flows are distributed to us or, in a securitization utilizing a senior subordinated structure, may be used to accelerate the repayment of certain subordinated securities. In addition to excess cash flows, we receive monthly base servicing fees and we collect other fees, such as late charges, as servicer for securitization Trusts. For securitization transactions that involve the purchase of a financial guaranty insurance policy, credit enhancement requirements will increase if targeted portfolio performance ratios are exceeded. Excess cash flows otherwise distributable to us from Trusts in which the portfolio performance ratios were exceeded and from other Trusts which may be subject to limited cross-collateralization provisions are accumulated in the Trusts until such higher levels of credit enhancement are reached and maintained. Senior subordinated securitizations typically do not utilize portfolio performance ratios.
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Table of ContentsWe structure our securitization transactions as secured financings. Accordingly, following a securitization, the finance receivables and the related securitization notes payable remain on the consolidated balance sheets. We recognize finance charge and fee income on the receivables and interest expense on the securities issued in the securitization transaction and record a provision for loan losses to cover probable loan losses on the receivables. Prior to October 1, 2002, securitization transactions were structured as sales of finance receivables. We also acquired two securitization Trusts which were accounted for as sales of finance receivables. Receivables sold under this structure are referred to herein as gain on sale receivables. At June 30, 2008, we had no outstanding gain on sale securitizations. On May 1, 2006, we acquired the stock of Bay View Acceptance Corporation (BVAC). BVAC served auto dealers in 32 states offering specialized auto finance products, including extended term financing and higher loan-to-value advances to consumers with prime credit bureau scores. On January 1, 2007, we acquired the stock of Long Beach Acceptance Corporation (LBAC). LBAC served auto dealers in 34 states offering auto finance products primarily to consumers with near prime credit bureau scores. As of June 30, 2008, the operations of BVAC and LBAC have been integrated into our origination, servicing and administrative activities and we provide auto finance products solely under the AmeriCredit Financial Services, Inc. name. Since January 2008, we have revised our operating plan in an effort to preserve and strengthen our capital and liquidity position, and to maintain sufficient capacity on our credit facilities to fund new loan originations until capital market conditions improve for securitization transactions. Under this revised plan, we increased the minimum credit score requirements for new loan originations, decreased our originations infrastructure by closing and consolidating credit center locations, selectively decreased the number of dealers from whom we purchase loans and reduced originations and support function headcounts. We have discontinued new originations in our direct lending, leasing and specialty prime platforms, certain partner relationships, and in Canada. Our fiscal 2009 target for annualized loan origination levels has been reduced to approximately $3.0 billion. We recognized restructuring charges of $20.1 million for fiscal 2008, related to the closing and consolidating of credit center locations and headcount reductions. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions
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Table of Contentswhich affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the amount of revenue and costs and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates and those differences may be material. The accounting estimates that we believe are the most critical to understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following: Allowance for loan losses The allowance for loan losses is established systematically based on the determination of the amount of probable credit losses inherent in the finance receivables as of the reporting date. We review charge-off experience factors, delinquency reports, historical collection rates, estimates of the value of the underlying collateral, economic trends, such as unemployment rates, and other information in order to make the necessary judgments as to the probable credit losses. We also use historical charge-off experience to determine a loss confirmation period, which is defined as the time between when an event, such as delinquency status, giving rise to a probable credit loss occurs with respect to a specific account and when such account is charged off. This loss confirmation period is applied to the forecasted probable credit losses to determine the amount of losses inherent in finance receivables at the reporting date. Assumptions regarding credit losses and loss confirmation periods are reviewed periodically and may be impacted by actual performance of finance receivables and changes in any of the factors discussed above. Should the credit loss assumption or loss confirmation period increase, there would be an increase in the amount of allowance for loan losses required, which would decrease the net carrying value of finance receivables and increase the amount of provision for loan losses recorded on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive operations. A 10% and 20% increase in cumulative net credit losses over the loss confirmation period would increase the allowance for loan losses as of June 30, 2008, as follows (in thousands):
We believe that the allowance for loan losses is adequate to cover probable losses inherent in our receivables; however, because the allowance for loan losses is based on estimates, there can be no assurance that the ultimate charge-off amount will not exceed such estimates or that our credit loss assumptions will not increase.
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Table of ContentsIncome Taxes We are subject to income tax in the United States and Canada. In the ordinary course of our business, there may be transactions, calculations, structures and filing positions where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. At any point in time, multiple tax years are subject to audit by various taxing jurisdictions and we record liabilities for anticipated tax issues based on the requirements of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan interpretation of FASB Statement 109. Management believes that the estimates are reasonable. However, due to expiring statutes of limitations, audits, settlements, changes in tax law or new authoritative rulings, no assurance can be given that the final outcome of these matters will be comparable to what was reflected in the historical income tax provisions and accruals. We may need to adjust our accrued tax assets or liabilities if actual results differ from estimated results or if we adjust these assumptions in the future, which could materially impact the effective tax rate, earnings, accrued tax balances and cash. As a part of our financial reporting process, we must assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets can be recovered. If recovery is not likely, the provision for taxes must be increased by recording a reserve in the form of a valuation allowance for the deferred tax assets that are estimated to be unrecoverable. In this process, certain criteria are evaluated including the existence of deferred tax liabilities that can be used to absorb deferred tax assets, taxable income in prior carryback years that can be used to absorb net operating losses, credit carrybacks, and estimated taxable income in future years. Based upon our earnings history and earnings projections, management believes it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the asset will be fully realized. Accordingly, no valuation allowance has been provided on deferred taxes. Our judgment regarding future taxable income may change due to future market conditions, changes in U.S. or international tax laws and other factors. These changes, if any, may require adjustments to these deferred tax assets and an accompanying reduction or increase in net income in the period in which such determinations are made. Since July 1, 2007, we have accounted for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements in accordance with FIN 48. FIN 48 requires that a more-likely-than-not threshold be met before the benefit of a tax position may be recognized in the financial statements and prescribes how such benefit should be measured. It also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, accrual of interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.
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Table of ContentsRESULTS OF OPERATIONS Year Ended June 30, 2008 as compared to Year Ended June 30, 2007 Changes in Finance Receivables A summary of changes in our finance receivables is as follows (in thousands):
The decrease in loans purchased during fiscal 2008 as compared to fiscal 2007 was primarily due to the implementation of the revised operating plan, which reduced origination levels to an annualized rate of approximately $3.0 billion by June 30, 2008. The increase in liquidations and other resulted primarily from higher collections and charge-offs on finance receivables due to the increase in average finance receivables. The average new loan size increased to $19,093 for fiscal 2008 from $18,506 for fiscal 2007. The average annual percentage rate for finance receivables purchased during fiscal 2008 decreased to 15.4% from 15.8% during fiscal 2007 due to a generally higher quality mix of loans purchased in fiscal 2008 with lower relative annual percentage rates. Net Margin Net margin is the difference between finance charge and other income earned on our receivables and the cost to fund the receivables as well as the cost of debt incurred for general corporate purposes.
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Table of ContentsOur net margin as reflected on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive operations is as follows (in thousands):
Net margin as a percentage of average finance receivables is as follows:
The decrease in net margin for fiscal 2008, as compared to fiscal 2007, was a result of the lower effective yield due to a shift to a higher quality mix in the portfolio, combined with an increase in interest expense caused by a continued amortization of older securitizations with lower market interest costs. Revenue Finance charge income increased by 11.2% to $2,382.5 million for fiscal 2008 from $2,142.5 million for fiscal 2007, primarily due to the increase in average finance receivables. The effective yield on our finance receivables decreased to 14.8% for fiscal 2008 from 15.7% for fiscal 2007. The effective yield represents finance charges and fees taken into earnings during the period as a percentage of average finance receivables and is lower than the contractual rates of our auto finance contracts due to finance receivables in nonaccrual status. Other income consists of the following (in thousands):
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Table of ContentsInvestment income decreased as a result of lower invested cash balances combined with lower investment rates. Costs and Expenses Operating Expenses Operating expenses increased to $434.2 million for fiscal 2008 from $399.7 million for fiscal 2007, as a result of higher average finance receivables outstanding, which were offset in part by cost savings resulting from the revised operating plan. Our operating expenses are predominately related to personnel costs that include base salary and wages, performance incentives and benefits as well as related employment taxes. Personnel costs represented 72.7% and 76.2% of total operating expenses for fiscal 2008 and 2007, respectively. Operating expenses as an annualized percentage of average finance receivables were 2.7% for fiscal 2008, as compared to 2.9% for fiscal 2007. The decrease in operating expenses as an annualized percentage of average finance receivables primarily resulted from cost synergies realized from the integration of LBAC, as well as cost savings resulting from the revised operating plan. Provision for Loan Losses Provisions for loan losses are charged to income to bring our allowance for loan losses to a level which management considers adequate to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio of finance receivables. The provision for loan losses recorded for fiscal 2008 and 2007 reflects inherent losses on receivables originated during those periods and changes in the amount of inherent losses on receivables originated in prior periods. The provision for loan losses increased to $1,131.0 million for fiscal 2008 from $727.7 million for fiscal 2007 as a result of weaker credit performance from the LBAC portfolio and sub-prime loans originated in calendar years 2006 and 2007 as well as higher expected future losses due to weaker economic conditions, particularly in certain geographic areas, including Florida and Southern California. As an annualized percentage of average finance receivables, the provision for loan losses was 7.0% and 5.3% for fiscal 2008 and 2007, respectively. Interest Expense Interest expense increased to $837.4 million for fiscal 2008 from $680.8 million for fiscal 2007. Average debt outstanding was $15,207.0 million and $12,925.6 million for fiscal 2008 and 2007, respectively. Our effective rate of interest paid on our debt increased to 5.5% for fiscal 2008 compared to 5.3% for fiscal 2007, due to an increase in market interest rates and a continued amortization of older securitizations with lower interest costs.
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Table of ContentsGoodwill Impairment The primary cause of the goodwill impairment is the decline in our market capitalization, which declined 13.6 percent from March 31, 2008, to $1,002.6 million at June 30, 2008. The decline, which is consistent with market capitalization declines experienced by other financial services companies over the same time period, was caused by investor concerns over external factors, including the capital market dislocations and the impact of weakening economic conditions on consumer loan portfolios. Taxes Our effective income tax rate was 24.8% and 32.3% for fiscal 2008 and 2007, respectively. The lower effective tax rate in fiscal 2008 resulted primarily from the negative rate effect of no longer being permanently reinvested with respect to its Canadian subsidiaries as of June 30, 2008 of 15.3%, the negative rate effect of an impairment of non-deductible goodwill of 3.2%, the negative rate effect of FIN 48 uncertain tax positions of 7.4% and the positive rate effect of a revision of the estimate of the deferred tax assets and liabilities of 14.1%. The fiscal 2007 rate was impacted by the favorable resolution of certain prior year contingent liabilities. Other Comprehensive Loss Other comprehensive loss consisted of the following (in thousands):
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Table of ContentsCash Flow Hedges Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges consisted of the following (in thousands):
Unrealized (losses) gains related to changes in fair value for fiscal 2008 and 2007, were due to changes in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements that were designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. The fair value of the interest rate swap agreements changed in fiscal 2008 because of a significant decline in forward interest rates. Unrealized losses on cash flow hedges of our floating rate debt are reclassified into earnings when interest rate fluctuations on securitization notes payable or other hedged items affect earnings. Canadian Currency Translation Adjustment Canadian currency translation adjustment gains of $5.9 million and $4.5 million for fiscal 2008 and 2007, respectively, were included in other comprehensive loss. The translation adjustment gains are due to the increase in the value of our Canadian dollar denominated assets related to the decline in the U.S. dollar to Canadian dollar conversion rates.
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Table of ContentsYear Ended June 30, 2007 as compared to Year Ended June 30, 2006 Changes in Finance Receivables A summary of changes in our finance receivables is as follows (in thousands):
The increase in loans purchased during fiscal 2007 as compared to fiscal 2006 was due to the addition of dealer relationship managers and credit center staff resulting in relationships with more auto dealers and higher origination levels through existing dealer relationships, as well as originations of $671.6 million and $660.0 million through the BVAC and LBAC platforms, respectively. Fiscal 2006 loans purchased through the BVAC platform were $78.3 million. The increase in liquidations and other resulted primarily from increased collections and charge-offs on finance receivables due to the increase in average finance receivables. The average new loan size increased to $18,506 for fiscal 2007 from $17,354 for fiscal 2006 due to loans purchased through the BVAC and LBAC platforms which are generally higher in quality and larger in size. The average annual percentage rate for finance receivables purchased during fiscal 2007 decreased to 15.8% from 16.7% during fiscal 2006 due to lower average percentage rates on the BVAC and LBAC loans purchased. Net Margin Net margin is the difference between finance charge and other income earned on our receivables and the cost to fund the receivables as well as the cost of debt incurred for general corporate purposes.
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Table of ContentsOur net margin as reflected on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive operations is as follows (in thousands):
The decrease in net margin for fiscal 2007, as compared to fiscal 2006, was a result of the lower effective yield on the higher quality BVAC and LBAC portfolios, combined with an increase in interest expense caused by an increase in market interest rates affecting the cost of short-term borrowings on our credit facilities, an increase in leverage and a continued amortization of older securitizations with lower interest costs. The net margin as a percentage of average finance receivables of 11.7%, would be 12.8% for fiscal 2007 excluding the BVAC and LBAC portfolios. Revenue Finance charge income increased by 30.5% to $2,142.5 million for fiscal 2007 from $1,641.1 million for fiscal 2006, primarily due to the increase in average finance receivables. The effective yield on our finance receivables decreased to 15.7% for fiscal 2007 from 16.4% for fiscal 2006. The effective yield represents finance charges and fees taken into earnings during the period as a percentage of average finance receivables and is lower than the contractual rates of our auto finance contracts due to finance receivables in nonaccrual status. The decrease in the effective yield is due mainly to a lower effective yield on the BVAC and LBAC portfolios.
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Table of ContentsServicing income consists of the following (in thousands):
Servicing fees are earned from servicing domestic finance receivables sold to gain on sale Trusts. Servicing fees decreased as a result of the amortization of our gain on sale receivables portfolio. Servicing fees were 2.6% and 2.9% of average gain on sale receivables for fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively. Other-than-temporary impairment of $457,000 for fiscal 2006 resulted from higher than forecasted default rates in certain gain on sale Trusts. The present value discount related to our credit enhancement assets represents the risk-adjusted time value of money on estimated cash flows. The present value discount on credit enhancement assets is accreted into earnings over the life of credit enhancement assets using the effective interest method. Additionally, unrealized gains on credit enhancement assets reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income are also accreted into earnings over the life of the credit enhancement assets using the effective interest method. We recognized accretion of $6.6 million and $40.2 million during fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively. We reduce accretion of the present value discount in a period when such accretion would cause an other-than-temporary impairment in a securitization Trust. Accretion is reduced on the securitization Trust and an other-than-temporary impairment is recorded in an amount equal to the amount by which the reference amount exceeds the revised value of the related credit enhancement assets. Future period accretion is subsequently recognized based upon the revised value and recorded over the remaining expected life of the securitization Trust.
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Table of ContentsOther income consists of the following (in thousands):
Investment income increased as a result of higher invested cash balances combined with increased market interest rates. Gain on sale of equity investment We held an equity investment in DealerTrack, a leading provider of on-demand software and data solutions that utilizes the Internet to link automotive dealers with banks, finance companies, credit unions and other financing sources. On December 16, 2005, DealerTrack completed an IPO of its common stock. As part of the IPO, we sold 758,526 shares at an average cost of $4.15 per share for net proceeds of $15.81 per share, resulting in an $8.8 million gain. During fiscal 2007, we sold our remaining investment in DealerTrack, consisting of 2,644,242 shares acquired at an average cost of $4.15 per share for net proceeds of $23.81 per share, resulting in a $52.0 million gain. Costs and Expenses Operating Expenses Operating expenses increased to $399.7 million for fiscal 2007 from $336.2 million for fiscal 2006, due to increased costs to support greater origination volume and an increase in finance receivables. Our operating expenses are predominately related to personnel costs that include base salary and wages, performance incentives and benefits as well as related employment taxes. Personnel costs represented 76.2% and 77.5% of total operating expenses for fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively. Provision for Loan Losses Provisions for loan losses are charged to income to bring our allowance for loan losses to a level which management considers adequate to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio of finance receivables. The provision for loan losses recorded for fiscal 2007 and 2006, reflects inherent losses on receivables originated during those periods and changes in the amount of inherent losses on receivables originated in prior periods. The provision for
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Table of Contentsloan losses increased to $727.7 million for fiscal 2007 from $567.5 million for fiscal 2006 as a result of increased origination volume. As an annualized percentage of average finance receivables, the provision for loan losses was 5.3% and 5.7% for fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively. The decrease in the provision for loan losses as an annualized percentage of average finance receivables reflects the inclusion of the higher quality BVAC and LBAC portfolios for fiscal 2007. Interest Expense Interest expense increased to $680.8 million for fiscal 2007 from $419.4 million for fiscal 2006. Average debt outstanding was $12,925.6 million and $9,201.7 million for fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively. Our effective rate of interest paid on our debt increased to 5.3% for fiscal 2007 compared to 4.6% for fiscal 2006, due to an increase in market interest rates and a continued amortization of older securitizations with lower interest costs. Taxes Our effective income tax rate was 32.3% and 36.9% for fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively. The lower rate in fiscal 2007 resulted from the favorable resolution of certain prior contingent liabilities, for which we recorded a net tax rate reduction of 4.4% in fiscal 2007. Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Other comprehensive (loss) income consisted of the following (in thousands):
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Table of ContentsCredit Enhancement Assets Unrealized losses on credit enhancement assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
Changes in the fair value of credit enhancement assets as a result of modifications to the credit loss assumptions are reported as unrealized gains in other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. Unrealized losses are reported as a reduction in unrealized gains to the extent that there are unrealized gains. If there are no unrealized gains to offset the unrealized losses, the losses are considered to be other-than-temporary and are charged to operations. The cumulative credit loss assumptions used to estimate the fair value of credit enhancement assets are periodically reviewed by us and modified to reflect the actual credit performance for each securitization pool through the reporting date as well as estimates of future losses considering several factors including changes in the general economy. Differences between cumulative credit loss assumptions used in individual securitization pools can be attributed to the original credit attributes of a pool, actual credit performance through the reporting date and pool seasoning to the extent that changes in economic trends will have more of an impact on the expected future performance of less seasoned pools. We updated the cumulative credit loss assumptions used in measuring the fair value of credit enhancement assets resulting in the recognition of unrealized gains of $353,000 and $2.2 million for fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively. Net unrealized gains of $3.4 million and $8.5 million were reclassified into earnings through accretion during fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively.
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Table of ContentsCash Flow Hedges Unrealized (losses) gains on cash flow hedges consisted of the following (in thousands):
Unrealized gains related to changes in fair value for fiscal 2007 and 2006, were primarily due to changes in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements that were designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes. The fair value of the interest rate swap agreements fluctuates based upon changes in forward interest rate expectations. Unrealized gains or losses on cash flow hedges are reclassified into earnings when interest rate fluctuations on securitization notes payable or other hedged items affect earnings. Equity Investment On December 16, 2005, DealerTrack completed an initial public offering (IPO) of its common stock. At the time of the IPO we owned 3,402,768 shares of DealerTrack with an average cost of $4.15 per share. As part of the IPO, we sold 758,526 shares for net proceeds of $15.81 per share resulting in an $8.8 million gain. We owned 2,644,242 shares of DealerTrack with a market value of $22.11 per share at June 30, 2006. During fiscal 2007, we sold our remaining investment in DealerTrack for net proceeds of $23.81 per share, resulting in a $52.0 million gain. The equity investment was classified as available for sale, and changes in its market value were reflected in other comprehensive income. We recorded a $4.5 million and $56.3 million increase in the fair value due to changes in the market value per share of DealerTrack during fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively. Canadian Currency Translation Adjustment Canadian currency translation adjustment gains of $4.5 million and $9.0 million for fiscal 2007 and 2006, respectively, were included in other comprehensive (loss) income. The translation adjustment gains are due to the increase in the value of our Canadian dollar denominated assets related to the decline in the U.S. dollar to Canadian dollar conversion rates.
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Table of ContentsCREDIT QUALITY We provide financing in relatively high-risk markets, and, therefore, anticipate a corresponding high level of delinquencies and charge-offs. The following tables present certain data related to the receivables portfolio (dollars in thousands):
The allowance for loan losses and nonaccretable acquisition fees as a percentage of receivables increased to 6.3% as of June 30, 2008, from 5.2% as of June 30, 2007, as a result of higher expected future losses due to weaker economic conditions, increased budgetary stress on sub-prime and near prime consumers and lower recovery rates on repossessed collateral.
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Table of ContentsDelinquency The following is a summary of managed finance receivables that are (i) more than 30 days delinquent, but not yet in repossession, and (ii) in repossession, but not yet charged off (dollars in thousands):
An account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date such payment was contractually due. Delinquencies in our managed receivables portfolio may vary from period to period based upon the average age or seasoning of the portfolio, seasonality within the calendar year and economic factors. Due to our target customer base, a relatively high percentage of accounts become delinquent at some point in the life of a loan and there is a high rate of account movement between current and delinquent status in the portfolio. Delinquencies in finance receivables were higher at June 30, 2008, as compared to June 30, 2007, as a result of deterioration in credit performance for the reasons described above. Deferrals In accordance with our policies and guidelines, we, at times, offer payment deferrals to consumers, whereby the consumer is allowed to move up to two delinquent payments to the end of the loan generally by paying a fee (approximately the interest portion of the payment deferred, except where state law provides for a lesser amount). Our policies and guidelines limit the number and frequency of deferments that may be granted. Additionally, we generally limit the granting of deferments on new accounts until a requisite number of payments have been received. Due to the nature of our customer base and policies and guidelines of the deferral program, approximately 50% of accounts historically comprising the managed portfolio received a deferral at some point in the life of the account.
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Table of ContentsAn account for which all delinquent payments are deferred is classified as current at the time the deferment is granted and therefore is not included as a delinquent account. Thereafter, such account is aged based on the timely payment of future installments in the same manner as any other account. Contracts receiving a payment deferral as an average quarterly percentage of average receivables outstanding were as follows:
The following is a summary of total deferrals as a percentage of receivables outstanding:
We evaluate the results of our deferment strategies based upon the amount of cash installments that are collected on accounts after they have been deferred
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Table of Contentsversus the extent to which the collateral underlying the deferred accounts has depreciated over the same period of time. Based on this evaluation, we believe that payment deferrals granted according to our policies and guidelines are an effective portfolio management technique and result in higher ultimate cash collections from the portfolio. Changes in deferment levels do not have a direct impact on the ultimate amount of finance receivables charged off by us. However, the timing of a charge-off may be affected if the previously deferred account ultimately results in a charge-off. To the extent that deferrals impact the ultimate timing of when an account is charged off, historical charge-off ratios and loss confirmation periods used in the determination of the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses are also impacted. Increased use of deferrals may result in a lengthening of the loss confirmation period, which would increase expectations of credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio and therefore increase the allowance for loan losses and related provision for loan losses. Changes in these ratios and periods are considered in determining the appropriate level of allowance for loan losses and related provision for loan losses.
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Table of ContentsCharge-offs The following table presents charge-off data with respect to our managed finance receivables portfolio (dollars in thousands):
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average receivables outstanding may vary from period to period based upon the average age or seasoning of the portfolio and economic factors. The increase in net charge-offs for fiscal 2008, as an annualized percentage of average receivables, as compared to fiscal 2007 and 2006, was a result of weaker credit performance from the LBAC portfolio and sub-prime loans originated in calendar years 2007 and 2006, as well as a decline in the wholesale values for used cars.
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Table of ContentsLIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES General Our primary sources of cash have been finance charge income, servicing fees, distributions from securitization Trusts, net proceeds from senior notes and convertible senior notes transactions, borrowings under credit facilities, transfers of finance receivables to Trusts in securitization transactions and collections and recoveries on finance receivables. Our primary uses of cash have been purchases of finance receivables, repayment of credit facilities, securitization notes payable and other indebtedness, funding credit enhancement requirements for securitization transactions and credit facilities, operating expenses, and income taxes. We used cash of $6,260.2 million, $8,832.4 million and $7,147.5 million for the purchase of finance receivables during fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. These purchases were funded initially utilizing cash and credit facilities and subsequently through long-term financing in securitization transactions. Credit Facilities In the normal course of business, in addition to using our available cash, we pledge receivables and borrow under our credit facilities to fund our operations and repay these borrowings as appropriate under our cash management strategy.
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Table of ContentsAs of June 30, 2008, credit facilities consisted of the following (in millions):
The call facility matured in August 2008 and was not renewed. Under the terms of the facility, receivables pledged will amortize down until the facility pays off. In September 2007, we terminated a $400.0 million near prime facility, a $450.0 million BVAC facility and a $600.0 million LBAC facility, and we entered into the prime/near prime facility, which provides up to $1,500.0 million through September 2008 for the financing of prime and near prime credit quality receivables. In April 2008, we amended the prime/near prime facility to address a potential covenant violation in the facility related to credit losses in our Bay View and Long Beach portfolios. The amendment reduced the size of the facility to $1,120.0 million from $1,500.0 million. The facility matures in September 2008, and we expect to renew this facility at an amount of $400.0 to $500.0 million. Our credit facilities contain various covenants requiring certain minimum financial ratios, asset quality and portfolio performance ratios (portfolio net loss and delinquency ratios, and pool level cumulative net loss ratios) as well as limits on deferment levels. As of June 30, 2008, we were in compliance with all financial and portfolio performance covenants in our credit facilities and senior note and convertible note indentures.
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Table of ContentsSenior Notes In June 2007, we issued $200.0 million of senior notes that are due in June 2015. Interest on the senior notes is payable semiannually at a rate of 8.5%. The notes will be redeemable, at our option, in whole or in part, at any time on or after July 1, 2011, at specific redemption prices. Convertible Senior Notes In September 2006, we issued $550.0 million of convertible senior notes of which $275.0 million are due in 2011, bearing interest at a rate of 0.75% per annum, and $275.0 million are due in 2013, bearing interest at a rate of 2.125% per annum. Interest on the notes is payable semiannually. Subject to certain conditions, the notes, which are uncollateralized, may be converted prior to maturity into shares of our common stock at an initial conversion price of $28.07 per share and $30.51 per share for the notes due in 2011 and 2013, respectively. Upon conversion, the conversion value will be paid in: 1) cash equal to the principal amount of the notes and 2) to the extent the conversion value exceeds the principal amount of the notes, shares of our common stock. The notes are convertible only in the following circumstances: 1) if the closing sale price of our common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price during specified periods set forth in the indentures under which the notes were issued, 2) if the average trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the notes is less than or equal to 98% of the average conversion value of the notes during specified periods set forth in the indentures under which the notes were issued or 3) upon the occurrence of specific corporate transactions set forth in the indentures under which the notes were issued. In connection with the issuance of these convertible senior notes, we used net proceeds of $246.8 million to purchase 10,109,500 shares of our common stock. In conjunction with the issuance of the convertible senior notes, we purchased call options that entitle us to purchase shares of our common stock in an amount equal to the number of shares issued upon conversion of the notes at $28.07 per share and $30.51 per share for the notes due in 2011 and 2013, respectively. These call options are expected to allow us to offset the dilution of our shares if the conversion feature of the convertible senior notes is exercised. We also sold warrants to purchase 9,796,408 shares of our common stock at $35 per share and 9,012,713 shares of our common stock at $40 per share for the notes due in 2011 and 2013, respectively. In no event are we required to deliver a number of shares in connection with the exercise of these warrants in excess of twice the aggregate number of shares initially issuable upon the exercise of the warrants.
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Table of ContentsWe have analyzed the conversion feature, call option and warrant transactions under Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 00-19, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to and Potentially Settled In a Companys Own Stock, and determined they meet the criteria for classification as equity transactions. As a result, both the cost of the call options and the proceeds of the warrants are reflected in additional paid-in capital on our consolidated balance sheets, and we will not recognize subsequent changes in their fair value. In November 2003, we issued $200.0 million of contingently convertible senior notes that are due in November 2023. Interest on the notes is payable semiannually at a rate of 1.75% per annum. The notes, which are uncollateralized, are convertible prior to maturity into shares of our common stock at $18.68 per share. Additionally, we may exercise our option to repurchase the notes, or holders of the convertible senior notes may require us to repurchase the notes, on November 15, 2008, at a price equal to 100.25% of the principal amount of the notes redeemed, or after November 15, 2008 at par. Subsequent to June 30, 2008, we repurchased $114.7 million of these convertible notes at a small discount. Holders of the remaining balance of $85.3 million of these convertible notes may require us to repurchase the notes on November 15, 2008, at a price equal to 100.25% of the principal amount of the notes redeemed. In conjunction with the issuance of the convertible senior notes, we purchased a call option that entitles us to purchase shares of our stock in an amount equal to the number of shares convertible at $18.68 per share. This call option allows us to offset the dilution of our shares if the conversion feature of the convertible senior notes is exercised. We also issued warrants to purchase 10,705,205 shares of our common stock. Each warrant entitles the holder, at its option, and subject to certain provisions within the warrant agreement, to purchase shares of common stock from us at $28.20 per share, at any time prior to its expiration on October 15, 2008. During fiscal 2008, we sold the call option and repurchased these warrants.
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Table of ContentsContractual Obligations The following table summarizes the expected scheduled principal and interest payments, where applicable, under our contractual obligations (in thousands):
We adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on July 1, 2007. As of the year ended June 30, 2008, we had liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions of $73.6 million. The table above does not include these liabilities due to the high degree of uncertainty regarding the future cash flows associated with these amounts.
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Table of ContentsSecuritizations We have completed 63 securitization transactions through June 30, 2008, excluding securitization Trusts entered into by BVAC and LBAC prior to their acquisition by us. The proceeds from the transactions were primarily used to repay borrowings outstanding under our credit facilities. A summary of the active transactions is as follows (in millions):
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Table of ContentsWe structure our securitization transactions as secured financings. Finance receivables are transferred to a securitization Trust, which is one of our special purpose finance subsidiaries, and the Trusts issue one or more series of asset-backed securities (securitization notes payable). While these Trusts are included in our consolidated financial statements, these Trusts are separate legal entities; thus the finance receivables and other assets held by these Trusts are legally owned by these Trusts, are available to satisfy the related securitization notes payable and are not available to our creditors or our other subsidiaries. At the time of securitization of finance receivables, we are required to pledge assets equal to a specified percentage of the securitization pool to provide credit enhancement required for specific credit ratings for the asset-backed securities issued by the Trusts. Generally, we employ two types of securitization structures. The structure we have utilized most frequently involves the purchase of a financial guaranty insurance policy issued by an insurer. Several of the financial guaranty insurers used by us in the past are facing financial stress and have been downgraded by the rating agencies due to risk exposures on insurance policies that guarantee mortgage debt and related structured products and one of the financial guaranty insurers we have utilized in the past, has decided to no longer issue insurance policies on asset-backed securities. As a result, demand for securities guaranteed by insurance, particularly securities backed by sub-prime collateral, has weakened, and we do not anticipate utilizing this structure in the foreseeable future. The second type of securitization structure we use and the structure we anticipate utilizing for the foreseeable future, involves the sale of subordinated asset-backed securities in order to provide credit enhancement for the senior asset-backed securities. We currently expect our initial cash deposit and overcollateralization requirements for such transactions to be in the mid 20% range increasing to a higher level of targeted credit enhancement. This level of credit enhancement will require significantly greater use of our capital than in similar securitization transactions we have completed in the past. Increases or decreases to the credit enhancement level required in future securitization transactions will depend on the net interest margin of the finance receivables transferred, the collateral characteristics of the receivables transferred, credit performance trends of our finance receivables, our financial condition and the economic environment. In April 2008, we entered into a one year, $2 billion forward purchase commitment agreement with Deutsche Bank AG, Cayman Islands Branch (Deutsche). Under this agreement and subject to certain terms, Deutsche will purchase triple-A rated asset-backed securities issued by our sub-prime AMCAR securitization platform in registered public offerings, including the senior asset-backed securities under the senior subordinated structure described above.
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Table of ContentsCash flows related to securitization transactions were as follows (in millions):
The agreements with the insurers of our securitization transactions covered by a financial guaranty insurance policy provide that if portfolio performance ratios (delinquency, cumulative default or cumulative net loss) in a Trusts pool of receivables exceed certain targets, the specified credit enhancem | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||